A native of the Russian Empire officer, philosopher and political activist is one of the pioneers of theoretical disorder. His libertarian socialism was able to hold temporarily in the 1860s and 1870s as a rival to the Marxist movement, especially in Italy, where disorder is still detectable in the political culture. Basis of the anarchist Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was theory of the unlimited freedom of the individual. Bakunin’s goal was the establishment of a classless society based on the individual, in any state authority would be superfluous and should be integrated into all the means of production in general, property …
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was on 30 Born in May 1814 as the son of a noble family in Priamuchino (Tvar province) in the Russian Empire.
His father had spent a long time as a diplomat in Italy. Bakunin joined the army in 1829, where he rose to the officer. From aversion to military discipline, but in 1835 he quit the service in order to go to study in Moscow and St Petersburg. He studied Kant and Fichte, and debuted in 1836 as a writer, with translations of Fichte’s lectures. By 1839, Bakunin did in the Russian spirit world emerges as a brilliant Hegelian, is entitled to an academic career seemed open. That same year, but, he came under the influence of political dissidents Alexander Herzen (1812-1870) and Nicholas P. Ogarev who opened his eyes to the oppressive conditions in the empire.
In 1840 Bakunin chose to leave Russia, at the age of 26, first in Berlin to start his long life of emigrants. In the Prussian hub, he approached the winning influence in the management of the Left Hegelians. A first expression was the new ideological orientation of Bakunin in his writing
published in 1842 under the pen name of the “reaction in Germany.” The publication marked the first time the opposition of the Russian intelligentsia against autocratic systems of government, which his career prospects in the Tsarist empire was finally ruined.
With a stay in Dresden, where he worked for Arnold Ruge’s “German Yearbooks” Bakunin in 1843 traveled to Switzerland, where he cultivated with Russian, German and Polish radicals contact and studied the German communism. In 1844 he went to Paris to tread there until 1847 in an intense exchange with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865), Alexander Herzen, Karl Marx (1818-1883) and other personalities of the revolutionary school. The Tsar’s government confiscated his property and now questioned him banishment to Siberia in view. End of 1847 Bakunin was expelled because of anti-tsarist statements from France.
But already in the following February, he took an active part in the Revolution of Paris, where he campaigned for a stabilization and extension of the revolution and an international union of democratic navy. Bakunin called for the dissolution of social class differences, which he wanted to know caused by community of property, unit wage and repeal of absolutism. Following personal conflicts with the French revolutionary leaders, he traveled in April 1848 in the German territories, where he started in many cities in contact with the radical Democrats. With a stopover in Prague, he was in Leipzig and Dresden in the exchange with the political leaders of the insurgency.
This period also marked the beginning of his contact with Richard Wagner. In the wake of the defeat of the revolution, Bakunin was arrested in 1849 and a year later sentenced to death, eventually commuted to life imprisonment. Shortly afterwards obtained the tsarist government for his extradition to Russia, where he was banished to a long prison sentence in Siberia in 1857. It was not until 1861, Bakunin opens the likelihood of escape from the Tsarist Empire, which took him to Japan and the U.S. to London. The traumatic defeat of the Polish freedom battalion of 1863 Bakunin led to question the opinion of nationality and marked his transition to revolutionary disorder.
During the following several years of stay in Italy, which took him first to Florence (1864), then to Naples (1865-1867), he developed in competition led by Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian revolutionary labor movement, his curriculum. In 1868 Bakunin was in Geneva, established the following year in Locarno. In 1870 he went to Lyon, where he forced the police authoritarianism of a well loved revolt to flee to Locarno. It followed the 1872 relocation to Zurich. His libertarian socialism brought Bakunin not only in conflict with Mazzini in Italy, where he could bring to the labor movement in 1870 under anarchist leadership, but also with the International headed by Karl Marx I. Workers’ Association.
In 1872, Bakunin took a break with the First International and Marxism to disorder than to establish an independent socialist movement, especially in Italy, where he remained for several months in 1874 again. With he had matured temporarily in 1874 in Lugano, Mikhail Bakunin in 1875 traveled to Bern.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin died on 1 July 1876 surprisingly Bern, Switzerland.
