The philosopher, political journalist and critic of bourgeois society and of classical economics is as controversial as the most influential theorist of communism. In particular, Karl Marx strove for a scientific analysis to the critique of capitalism. He is considered the founder of scientific socialism and communism. He developed the beginnings of the manufacturing age on the labor question an ideologically motivated social class theory, which amounts to a communist society. His main theoretical works “The Communist Manifesto” (real name: Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1848) and “Das Kapital” (1867) significantly influenced the subsequent political literature …
Karl Marx was born on 5 May 1818 born son of Jewish lawyer and later Judicial Council Heinrich Marx and his wife Henrietta Marx in Trier Presborck born.
The Marx family converted to Protestantism in 1824. His father, Heinrich Marx chose it for professional reasons. The first family name was Marx Levi and Mordecai the ancient Jewish surname. In the period 1830 to 1835, Karl Marx visited the school. He subsequently studied law, philosophy and history at the universities of Bonn and Berlin. Especially in Berlin, Marx came in contact with Hegelianism with which he dealt extensively. Marx’s critique of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s teachings later became vital key points in their academic work. In 1841 he finished his studies at the University of Jena with the title Doctor of Philosophy Faculty.
In the two years 1841 and 1842, Marx worked as editor of the liberal newspaper “Rheinische Zeitung” in Cologne. There he first met Friedrich Engels, with whom he later founded together the lessons of scientific socialism and communism. The following year, the newspaper business had to close, it was the publication of radical and subversive donations accused. In the same year, Marx married Jenny von Westphalen. The couple left Germany and went to Paris. There Marx met Friedrich Engels once. They found matching political views on socialism, and started to scientific and theoretical collaboration. Together they authored the publication “The Holy Family” (1845), directed against the Protestant theologian Bruno Bauer.
In Paris, Marx gave up his political studies. So he wrote in 1845 the work “German Ideology”, which was not published until the year 1926. He also published, together with Arnold Ruge, the “German-French Yearbooks” as a continuation of the censored and banned in Germany, “German Annals.” His other posts included working in Paris for the socialist newspaper “Forward”. In the French hub, he also made the acquaintance of the poet Heinrich Heine. In its early phase it was above all Marx preventing the foundation of a new human image, improve the situation of manufacturing workers, their exploitation and alienation by a capitalist society should be. The Prussian government demanded the expulsion of Marx from Paris.
In 1845, he and Engels went to Brussels so on. They formed in 1847 the German Workers’ Association “. In the same year they played together in the “League of the Just” one. They worked out that he was removed from utopian socialism. The Federation was renamed the “Communist League”. The motto of the association was in accordance with Marx’s thoughts, “Proletarians of all countries, unite”. 1848 Marx and Engels wrote the “Communist League” in London, the “Manifesto of the Communist Party.” In the same year, Marx also had to leave Brussels. He returned to Cologne and worked as editor of the “Neue Rheinische Zeitung”. This medium was also banned because of his radicalism. With the failed 1848 revolution, Marx and Engels left Germany.
Marx matured in the advanced England and went to London, where he remained until his death. There he devoted himself to his scientific and economic studies, and his theoretical work. Of his journalistic and scientific publications, he could not cover his living expenses. Marx had always been wise to the financial help of Engels. This was a factory owner’s son, who worked until 1869 in Manchester in the family textile business, financially independent and did Marx get the necessary support. In the 1850s, Marx focused on the theme of classical political economy. For this study, the work was published in 1859 titled “A Critique of Political Economy.”
In 1865 the “International Workingmen’s Association”, which became known as the “First International”, founded in London with the participation of Marx. 1867, the first volume of Marx’s major work “Das Kapital – the critique of political economy.” In it he discusses the “process of accumulation of hub” – as it says in the tape header. The other two volumes worried Engels with the death of Marx in the years 1885 and 1894. In 1875, Marx was `’Critique of the Gotha Curriculum,” published in which he deals with fundamental issues concerning to a classless communist society. Furthermore, Marx published political donations in English and American newspapers. In the 1870s, there were points of contact with the German workers’ movement in which Marx took as a prolific thinker of European socialism recognition. On 21 September 1881 his wife Jenny Marx died.
Karl Marx died on 14 March 1883, London.
