The People’s Liberation fighter applies together with Count Camillo Benso Cavour (1810-1861) and Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) as the triumvirate of heroes of the Italian Risorgimento, that is, the more recent Italian national history, according to the most remote corners and even in the smallest hamlet of modern Italy, the central streets and squares are named. Within the Italian national movement of the 19th Garibaldi century embodied the most enigmatic and mythical figure: a charismatic adventurer and “man of action”, which was a tough charisma brought well over Italy and Europe, …
Giuseppe Garibaldi was born on 4 Born in July 1807, the son of a fisherman’s family in Nice.
Here he grew up and attended school. As a sailor, he joined in 1833 at the “Giovine Italia” (Young Italy), Giuseppe Mazzini, to go with the stoppage of the first trial of conspiratorial insurgency organization in February 1834 from exile. There were different Heuer, among others that led him in 1836 to Rio de Janeiro, where he met another Italian emigrants a Brazilian section of the “Young Italy” founded. With his participation in the democratic and separatist survey of the Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul in 1841, he was forced to escape to Montevideo in Uruguay.
Here he fought as a fleet commander with other Italian immigrants on the side of the progressive and democratic navy, supported by Argentina against Uruguay’s anti-democratic management. The Revolution news from Italy finished in the jump of 1848 the commitment of the “Italian Legion” in the civil war of Uruguay, where Garibaldi had at least brought up to the commander of all navy. Giuseppe Garibaldi returned to Italy 1848/49 took with his “Red Shirts” called voluntary associations in part on the Piedmontese war against Austria. The tough, if ultimately unsuccessful defense of the Roman Republic established its reputation in the liberal-democratic movement of all the Italian states.
Him in September 1849, the defeat of the revolution gaggle in his second exile that took him from Tunis, Tangier and New York to Peru. There he took over in 1851 the command of a merchant ship, with which he sailed to China. In 1854 met Garibaldi in London, where he confronted Mazzini with his conversion to the moderate wing of the Italian national movement to Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, who had been pushing in contrast to the Republican Mazzinismus a monarchical solution to the national question, under the leadership of Piedmont-Savoy period. The surprising conversion Garibaldi took in 1856 with his entry into the Piedmont-based “National Italian Association” (“Società Nazionale Italiana”), their visual confirmation.
With a personal consultation with Cavour and the Savoyard monarch Victor Emmanuel II, Garibaldi took part in 1859 as commander of the Piedmontese Alps hunters successfully-Prussian War against Austria, which joined with the partial independence of the northern Italian territories. In early May 1860, he led the well-known “train of a Thousand” in Sicily, with whom he freed until October, the entire island and the mainland of Italy under the Bourbon rule, and their incorporation into the nascent Italian national state prepared. The proposed continuation of the march of Garibaldi against the Papal States was stopped by the intervention of Cavour’s diplomatic significance.
On 26 October 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi took during a meeting with the king in Teano on the outskirts of Naples, its subordination to the Piedmont-Savoy leadership with a brief but well-known “I obey” (“Obbedisco”) against Victor Emmanuel II expression. With the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in March 1861, Garibaldi engaged in 1862 and 1867, now in open opposition to the moderate-liberal elite of the new Italy, without success in the struggle for the liberation of the remaining church under papal rule state.
In 1866, he served as commander of the volunteer organizations to victorious Prussian-Italian war against Austria in which the integration of Veneto in the Italian nation-state had to follow. The police-imposed arrest him on his “home island” Caprera Garibaldi escaped 1870/71 to defend the new French Republic against the Prussian invaders, of which he won a victory at Dijon. In his last decade of life participated in “General” only journalistic discourse on domestic policy in Italy.
Giuseppe Garibaldi died on 2 Caprera in June 1882. With his death, started not only an Italian, but a worldwide myth of the charismatic national liberation battalion.
