The poet regarded as the greatest Odendichter of German literature. He himself described his odes that deal with the loss of the ideal life and the turmoil of the present and refer to a timeless golden age, as tragic. Friedrich Hölderlin’s early anthems stir up the utopian thought of unity. His late hymns set to contemporary problems and deal with the country’s own history. The utopian thought of unity in the early hymns came back in the late works. In his odes used the Hölderlin preferred Alcaic asklepiadeische and verse. In addition, Friedrich Hölderlin wrote novels such as “Hyperion”, and translations …
Friedrich Hölderlin was the son of the Duke’s officers and lawyers Heinrich Friedrich Hölderlin and his wife Johanna Christiana, Heyn was born on 20 Born in March 1770 Lauffen.
Holderlin grew up in a pietistic family environment. He was in the period 1784 to 1788 students in convent schools in the village and Maulbronn thought. He then studied philosophy and theology in Tubingen. There he met Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, with whom he shared a room temporarily. In 1790 he shouted to Christian Ludwig Neuffer and a poet Rudolf Magenau covenant to life. In Tubingen, the thoughts of the French Revolution with enthusiastic approval, as well as the theological and political situation of the country met with rejection. Hölderlin studied in his pen-time the works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, Plato, Friedrich Schiller, Benedictus de Spinoza and Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, who influenced him greatly in his thought.
In 1790 Hölderlin earned his master’s degree in philosophy. In 1793 he completed his Konsistorialexamen. But, he did not choose the clerical profession, because it was quicker to existence as a writer. To realize them, he took some bread to one tutor points merit. Friedrich Schiller gave him the family of one calf in Waltershausen Hofmeister position that Hölderlin held in the years from 1793 to 1795th Then he went to Jena, and heard lectures by the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte. In the period 1796 to 1798 he was then tutor to the Frankfurt banker Jakob Friedrich Gontard family. Holderlin fell in like with the wife of the banker, Susette Gontard. They took as participation Diotima in Hölderlin’s poetry. This was the most productive period in the life of the poet.
As it because of his like for Susette Gontard came to dealing with the banker, Holderlin left Frankfurt and went to Homburg. There he came in the period 1798 to 1800 with his friend Isaac von Sinclair, the peak officials of the county land, among others. Then he paused briefly in Stuttgart and Nürtingen in 1801 and then took two more Hofmeister points in Hauptwil in Switzerland and in Bordeaux in France. In 1802 he returned to Germany. It made the first signs of mental illness Hölderlin felt. In a recovery phase caused superior poems. Isaac von Sinclair got him a job as a librarian in Homburg. 1806 was a significant wear in his health, and the poet had to go for treatment in a clinic in Tübingen.
The following year he was discharged as incurable. Holderlin had become of care. The care of the patient took the master carpenter Ernst Zimmer from Tübingen. For him the poet lived in a tower-like Enclosed for 36 years in mental confusion. Holderlin published during his lifetime, only the Sophoklesübertragung, some lyrical works and the novel “Hyperion or The Hermit in Greece (1797-1799). Through the few publications to his contemporaries, he was often remained unknown. Especially in its learning novel” Hyperion “Hölderlin’s conception of the comprehensive unity of life significantly as opposed to the dismemberment of the present. For this ideal of man and society, he chose the ancient Greece, which he raised to the future age of the divine unity.
The loss of unity by the reflection of people trying to regain the poet through his poetry. In his work we are faced with pantheism and Christian doctrine, the synthesis of the poet through his illness could no longer carry out in detail. But even in his lyrical works, Hölderlin relied solidly deal with this unity and wholeness of man, nature and the gods. Hölderlin’s lyrical expression leaned on to the ancient models. In the lyrical development made his way by different shape and metric experiments on the ode and elegy to the hymns, which he made in free verse, and thus the influence of Pindar was noticeable. Especially in his hymns Hölderlin represented the view of the poet as an intermediary between the absolute and the people.
The utopian thought of unity in the early hymns came back in the late works. In his odes used the Hölderlin preferred Alcaic asklepiadeische and verse.
Friedrich Hölderlin died on 7 June 1843 in Tübingen.
